How Long Are Dogs Pregnant?

Dog pregnancy, also known as gestation, typically lasts around 63 days, but it can vary slightly, ranging between 58 and 68 days depending on factors such as breed, litter size, and individual differences. Understanding the stages of pregnancy, symptoms, and how to care for a pregnant dog is essential for ensuring a healthy pregnancy and safe delivery.

Understanding the Stages of Dog Pregnancy

Like humans, dogs experience different stages during pregnancy. These phases mark key developmental milestones for the puppies and changes in the mother’s body.

Week 1-3: Early Pregnancy

The pregnancy begins when the female dog is successfully mated with a male. Fertilisation occurs, and the embryos travel to the uterus, where they will implant in the uterine lining. At this stage, there are very few external signs of pregnancy. Some dogs may experience slight changes in behaviour, such as increased affection or a mild decrease in appetite.

Week 4-6: Mid-Pregnancy

Around day 28, a veterinarian can confirm pregnancy through ultrasound or by palpating (feeling) the abdomen. The embryos are now developing rapidly, and the mother’s body begins to show more noticeable changes:

• Slight weight gain
• Enlargement of the nipples
• Increase in appetite
• Some dogs may experience mild nausea (similar to morning sickness in humans)

During this stage, it is important to provide high-quality nutrition to support the growing puppies.

Week 7-9: Final Stage of Pregnancy

In the last few weeks, the puppies grow significantly, and the mother’s belly becomes visibly larger. She may begin displaying nesting behaviour, searching for a quiet, comfortable place to give birth. Other signs of impending labour include:

• Decreased appetite
• Restlessness and increased panting
• Seeking solitude
• A drop in body temperature (below 37.5°C) about 24 hours before labour

At this stage, it is crucial to monitor the mother closely and prepare for whelping (the birthing process).

Signs of Pregnancy in Dogs

While some dogs may not show obvious signs of pregnancy until the later stages, common symptoms include:

• Increased appetite
• Slight weight gain, which becomes more noticeable around the fifth or sixth week
• Enlarged, darker nipples
• Reduced activity levels
• Increased affectionate or clingy behaviour
• Nesting tendencies, such as digging or arranging bedding

If you suspect your dog is pregnant, a visit to the vet for confirmation is recommended.

Caring for a Pregnant Dog

Providing proper care during pregnancy ensures a smooth and healthy journey for both the mother and her puppies.

Nutrition and Diet

A pregnant dog requires a high-quality diet rich in protein, fat, and essential nutrients. During the first half of pregnancy, her regular diet may be sufficient, but by the second half, she will need more calories to support her growing puppies. Many vets recommend switching to a high-quality puppy food, which provides the necessary nutrients. Avoid overfeeding, as excessive weight gain can lead to complications during labour.

Exercise and Activity

Light exercise, such as short walks and gentle play, is encouraged to maintain muscle tone. However, avoid strenuous activities or excessive jumping, especially in the later stages of pregnancy.

Vet Check-ups and Health Monitoring

Regular vet visits are essential to monitor the mother’s health. Your vet may recommend:

• An ultrasound to confirm pregnancy
• A blood test to check hormone levels
• X-rays (after day 45) to count the number of puppies

Vaccinations and deworming should be up to date before pregnancy, as some medications are not safe to administer during gestation.

Preparing for Labour and Delivery

As the due date approaches, create a whelping area, a quiet and comfortable space where the mother can give birth. This should include:

• A whelping box lined with soft blankets or towels
• Warmth, but not excessive heat
• A peaceful environment with minimal disturbances

Keep an eye on the mother for signs of impending labour, such as:

• Nesting behaviour
• Restlessness and panting
• A drop in body temperature
• Loss of appetite

The Whelping Process: What to Expect

The labour process typically occurs in three stages:

1. Stage One (6-12 hours): The cervix begins to dilate. The mother may appear restless, pant heavily, and refuse food.
2. Stage Two (Puppy Delivery): Puppies are born one at a time, usually 30-60 minutes apart. The mother will clean each puppy and sever the umbilical cord. If a puppy is not born within two hours of strong contractions, seek veterinary help.
3. Stage Three (Afterbirth Expulsion): The placenta is expelled after each puppy. The mother may eat it, which is normal.

Postpartum Care for Mother and Puppies

After delivery, ensure the mother is comfortable and that the puppies are nursing properly. The first milk, called colostrum, is vital for the puppies’ immune system.

Monitor the mother for any signs of complications, such as:

• Fever or lethargy
• Heavy bleeding
• Loss of appetite

If any concerns arise, contact your vet immediately.

Conclusion

Dog pregnancy lasts approximately 63 days, with variations depending on individual factors. By understanding the different stages, signs, and care requirements, you can help ensure a smooth and healthy experience for both the mother and her puppies. If you suspect your dog is pregnant, consulting a vet early on can help provide the best care and preparation for the upcoming litter.